CAUSE AND EFFECT
1. Too Adj/ Adv Quá …đến nỗi mà…không thể…
Subject + Verb + too Adj/ Adv + to V-infinitive
- Tom is too weak to move the cupboard.
- Susan spoke too fast (for us) to understand.
2. So/ such…that… Quá …đến nỗi mà…
Subject + Verb + so adj/ adv that Subject + (Modal) + Verb
Subject + Verb + such (a/an) adj noun that Subject + (Modal) + Verb
lưu ý: (bỏ “a/an” khi đi trước “uncount/plural noun”)
- Tom is so weak that he can’t lift the cupboard.
- Tom is such a weak boy that he can’t lift the cupboard.
Note:
Với “many/ much”
| … so many N (plural) that… | |
| => … such a lot of noun that… | |
| … so much N (uncountable) that… |
- There was so much traffic in the street that we were held up for half an hour.
- There was such a lot of traffic in the street that we were held up for half an hour.
3. Enough: …đủ …để…
| Subject + Verb | + adj/adv + enough | + to V-infinitive |
| + enough + noun |
- Tom is not strong enough to lift the cupboard.
- We didn’t have enough money to buy that house.
PRACTICE: Complete the following sentences, using clauses or phrases of causes & effects.
- My grandpa/ so weak/ he/ play/ sports/ any longer.
- Nam/ too/ fast/ get rid/ old man/ cross/ the street.
- Maria/ not/ work/ hard/ enough/ pass/ exams/ last week.
- Joe/ such/ arrogant/ that/ nobody/ like/ him.
- Local children/ poor/ that/ never/ see/ a toy car.
- Henry/ not smart/ enough/ solve/ math exercise.
- Naomi/ not dance/ beautifully/ win/ examiners’ heart.
- Susan Boyle/ sing/ so beautifully/ win/ heart/ millions/ audience.
- George/ speak/ Japanese/ fluently/ that/ surprise/ all/ us.
- Maria and David/ such/ excellent/ students/ they/ win/ most/ gold medals.
- Rosa/ work/ too/ hard/ drag/ legs/ home.
- Warehouse/ too small/ store/ all/ old furniture.
(Xem đáp án bên dưới - Scroll down to see answer key)
Answer key
- My grandpa is so weak that he cannot play sports any longer.
- Nam was driving too fast to get rid of an old man crossing the street.
- Maria did not work hard/ enough to pass the exams last week.
- Joe is such an arrogant man that nobody likes him.
- Those local children are so poor that they have never seen a toy car.
- Henry is not smart enough to solve this math exercise.
- Naomi did not dance beautifully enough to win the examiners’ heart.
- Susan Boyle sings so beautifully that she win the heart of millions of audience.
- George spoke Japanese so fluently that he surprised all of us.
- Maria and David are such excellent/ students that they have won most of the gold medals.
- Rosa worked too hard to drag her legs home last night.
- The warehouse is too small to store all the old furniture.
Tham khảo thêm
- Causative forms (thể nhờ)
- Phrasal verbs (Ngữ động từ)
